<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ru-RU">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
    <title>Руководство по тестированию Vue приложений (Vue.js 2)</title>
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <link rel="icon" href="https://lmiller1990.github.io/vue-testing-handbook/img/favicon.png">
  <meta property="og:title" content="Vue Testing Handbook">
  <meta property="og:description" content="Vue testing handbook">
  <meta property="og:type" content="website">
  <meta property="og:url" content="https://lmiller1990.github.io/vue-testing-handbook/">
  <meta property="og:image" content="https://lmiller1990.github.io/vue-testing-handbook/img/og.png">
    
    <link rel="preload" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/css/0.styles.99f2ca3b.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/app.14051834.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/3.119a321e.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/2.94957ecd.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/64.5b9e17ef.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/10.7b1750c8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/100.87c02eb0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/101.9f86f8af.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/102.7cf5b3b5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/103.9a447cc0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/104.d960f455.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/105.42aa8c19.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/106.fa067e24.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/107.f6145328.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/108.4251a9d9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/109.6e04b4aa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/11.c9a15d65.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/110.203be49f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/111.e66d4c1a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/112.d5cf2637.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/113.0e1df8ea.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/114.b1d0a5f5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/115.d21ab6a2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/116.e13d34ff.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/117.532bedf9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/118.b99c8d4d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/119.97666be8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/12.8ec4d737.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/120.e5fbc47b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/121.2d6cedde.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/122.7dc3c3fc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/123.82fcb804.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/124.affd46d3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/125.10d1ddcb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/126.8ca1978a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/127.7b76e158.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/128.e0d8fdce.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/129.e861e49f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/13.96ee585a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/130.474092c4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/131.71e4509c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/132.b48fe96d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/133.9268758a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/134.6a042ef6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/135.6df261f9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/136.8aab4165.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/137.60d15690.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/138.29f827fd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/139.e8db710e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/14.522b77b9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/140.8a3b2b26.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/141.cd5f96df.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/142.04a47072.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/143.ac0cb5e1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/144.c69a73ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/15.2f00de2d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/16.d120a376.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/17.9260e267.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/18.4e3a9d5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/19.bfe7cfa3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/20.52828530.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/21.4d92035b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/22.49a88bda.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/23.79de1f16.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/24.f45f108e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/25.48371e8a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/26.bc7a5470.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/27.49bfeced.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/28.b697055e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/29.0ef469da.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/30.bd209efe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/31.ddf8aa10.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/32.95ec3267.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/33.52cf0ebc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/34.73b1ca03.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/35.be79f171.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/36.52a4dcd2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/37.a02e83c0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/38.2a809ae1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/39.31de0194.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/4.a86536d1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/40.4a3cfcb7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/41.db485265.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/42.8c4375ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/43.2f241bb5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/44.43539973.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/45.619b76a6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/46.00e17cc1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/47.faf51fac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/48.840de9e5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/49.3410da74.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/5.d3ebdf21.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/50.647913c0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/51.4990b428.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/52.85ff4209.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/53.7bbf915a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/54.1fc8316d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/55.374436d3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/56.40ebbbe6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/57.40d9cc46.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/58.37ab0bcf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/59.8df2efac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/6.637082cf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/60.326b4bdd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/61.449fcfe0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/62.f05ac3d6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/63.e1723f7e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/65.52e8ce24.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/66.cbdf653b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/67.522e5bfd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/68.1c27735b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/69.1f5624e9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/7.43089f9d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/70.49fd6b50.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/71.20acc429.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/72.715f4620.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/73.ac123d7d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/74.59a869d0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/75.772485ad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/76.b887e73a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/77.70e54ee3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/78.2306c3e7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/79.e01a6cd1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/8.4c4cdaa7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/80.c12fc82f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/81.44ef90b7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/82.ff3143a2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/83.22084435.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/84.485c66f4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/85.d8afef97.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/86.2ba55e96.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/87.d5642266.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/88.3ad1f8ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/89.e370d2fc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/9.a0f31be6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/90.2c039dfb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/91.2c1dd586.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/92.571cd8ae.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/93.b88ae6f6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/94.16000348.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/95.79a96428.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/96.c86f8cad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/97.bc1d6c91.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/98.34c6a547.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/99.e1174558.js">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/css/0.styles.99f2ca3b.css">
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container"><header class="navbar"><div class="sidebar-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"></path></svg></div> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/" class="home-link router-link-active"><!----> <span class="site-name">Руководство по тестированию Vue приложений (Vue.js 2)</span></a> <div class="links"><div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div> <nav class="nav-links can-hide"><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="Select language" class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Переводы</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">English</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">v3</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ja/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">日本語</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active">Русский (Vue.js 2)</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">Русский (Vue.js 3)</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/zh-CN/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">简体中文</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">한국어</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
    GitHub
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <aside class="sidebar"><a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank"><img id="ad" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/master/src/.vuepress/public/composition.png" alt="vuejs-course banner"></a> <br> <div class="info"><small>
    Hi! Get $10 off my
    <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank">new</a> <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank">course</a> <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank">on</a> <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank">Vue.js 3</a>,
    <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank">TypeScript and</a>,
    <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/" target="_blank">testing</a>,
    with the discount code VUEJS_COURSE_10_OFF.
    </small></div> <nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="Select language" class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Переводы</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">English</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">v3</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ja/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">日本語</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active">Русский (Vue.js 2)</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">Русский (Vue.js 3)</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/zh-CN/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">简体中文</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/simulating-user-input.html" class="nav-link">한국어</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
    GitHub
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/" class="sidebar-link">Введение</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/setting-up-for-tdd.html" class="sidebar-link">Подготовка к TDD</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/rendering-a-component.html" class="sidebar-link">Отрисовка компонентов</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/components-with-props.html" class="sidebar-link">Тестирование входных параметров</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/computed-properties.html" class="sidebar-link">Вычисляемые свойства</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html" class="active sidebar-link">Симулирование пользовательского ввода</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html#инициирование-событий" class="sidebar-link">Инициирование событий</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html#создание-компонента" class="sidebar-link">Создание компонента</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html#написание-теста" class="sidebar-link">Написание теста</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html#реаnьный-пример" class="sidebar-link">Реальный пример</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html#мокаем-ajax-вызов" class="sidebar-link">Мокаем ajax вызов</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/simulating-user-input.html#закnючение" class="sidebar-link">Заключение</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/testing-emitted-events.html" class="sidebar-link">Тестирование пользовательских событий</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/mocking-global-objects.html" class="sidebar-link">Мокаем глобальные объекты</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/stubbing-components.html" class="sidebar-link">Заглушки для компонентов</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/finding-elements-and-components.html" class="sidebar-link">Поиск элементов и компонентов</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/testing-vuex.html" class="sidebar-link">Тестирование Vuex</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-mutations.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Мутации</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Действия</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-getters.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Геттеры</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-in-components.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex в компонентах - $state и геттеры</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vuex-in-components-mutations-and-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex в компонентах - мутации и действия</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/vue-router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue Router</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/composition-api.html" class="sidebar-link">Composition API</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html" class="sidebar-link">Уменьшаем шаблонный код</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/jest-mocking-modules.html" class="sidebar-link">Jest - мокаем модули</a></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">Это руководство было написано для Vue.js 2 и Vue Test Utils v1.</p> <p>Версия для Vue.js 3 <a href="/v3/ru">здесь</a>.</p></div> <h2 id="инициирование-событий"><a href="#инициирование-событий" class="header-anchor">#</a> Инициирование событий</h2> <p>Обработка пользовательского ввода – одна из самых распространённых задач во Vue-компонентах. <code>vue-test-utils</code> и Jest позволяют с лёгкостью тестировать ввод данных. Давайте посмотрим, как можно использовать <code>trigger</code> и моки Jest, чтобы убедиться в правильности работы компонента.</p> <p>Исходный код для теста можно найти <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app/tests/unit/FormSubmitter.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p> <h2 id="создание-компонента"><a href="#создание-компонента" class="header-anchor">#</a> Создание компонента</h2> <p>Мы создадим простой компонент с формой <code>&lt;FormSubmitter&gt;</code>, содержащий <code>&lt;input&gt;</code> и <code>&lt;button&gt;</code>. Когда мы кликаем по кнопке, что-то должно произойти. Сначала будем выводить сообщение об успешной отправке формы, затем разберём более интересные примеры, в которых отправка будет происходить к некоторому endpoint.</p> <p>Создадим <code>&lt;FormSubmitter&gt;</code> и добавим следующий шаблон:</p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">@submit.prevent</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>handleSubmit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-model</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>username<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">data-username</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> 
      <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>message<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> 
      <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>submitted<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      Спасибо за ваше сообщение, {{ username }}.
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p>Когда пользователь отправляет форму, мы показываем благодарственное сообщение. Мы хотим отправлять форму асинхронно: для этого используется <code>@submit.prevent</code>, который предотвращает обычное поведение формы, а именно – обновление страницы после отправления.</p> <p>Теперь добавим логику для отправки формы:</p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
  <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;FormSubmitter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

    <span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        username<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        submitted<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

    methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>submitted <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p>Всё достаточно просто: мы устанавливаем <code>submitted</code> в значение <code>true</code>, когда форма отправлена. После чего появляется <code>&lt;div&gt;</code> c благодарственным сообщением.</p> <h2 id="написание-теста"><a href="#написание-теста" class="header-anchor">#</a> Написание теста</h2> <p>Давайте посмотрим на тест:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@vue/test-utils&quot;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> FormSubmitter <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@/components/FormSubmitter.vue&quot;</span>

<span class="token function">describe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;FormSubmitter&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Показывает сообщение после отправки&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>FormSubmitter<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;[data-username]&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Алима&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;form&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">trigger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;submit.prevent&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Спасибо за ваше сообщение, Алиса.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Этот тест достаточно понятен. Мы используем <code>mount</code> для компонента, устанавливаем значение и применяем <code>trigger</code> метод из <code>vue-test-utils</code>, который симулирует пользовательский ввод. <code>trigger</code> также работает с пользовательскими событиями и с их модификаторами, например, <code>submit.prevent</code>, <code>keydown.enter</code> и так далее.</p> <p>Обратите внимание, когда мы вызываем <code>setValue</code> и <code>trigger</code>, мы используем <code>await</code>. Вот почему нам пришлось пометить тест как <code>async</code> – чтобы мы могли использовать <code>await</code>.</p> <p><code>setValue</code> и<code>trigger</code> внутри возвращают <code>Vue.nextTick ()</code>. Начиная с бета-версии 28 <code>vue-test-utils</code>, вам нужно вызвать<code>nextTick</code>, чтобы система реактивности Vue обновила DOM. Выполняя <code>await setValue (...)</code> и <code>await trigger (...)</code>, вы на самом деле просто используете сокращение для:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">$nextTick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// &quot;Ждём пока обновится DOM, перед тем как продолжить тестирование&quot; </span>
</code></pre></div><p>Иногда вы можете тестировать, не дожидаясь <code>nextTick</code>, но если ваши компоненты начинают усложняться, вы можете попасть в состояние гонки, и ваша проверка выполнится до того, как Vue обновит DOM. Вы можете узнать больше об этом в официальной <a href="https://vue-test-utils.vuejs.org/ru/guides/#%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9-n%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">документации vue-test-utils<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p> <p>Этот тест также следует трём этапам модульного тестирования:</p> <ol><li>Предусловие(arrange) – подготовка к тестированию. В нашем случае - это отрисовка компонента.</li> <li>Действие(act) – выполнение действий системы.</li> <li>Утверждение(assert) – убеждение в соответствии ожидаемого и полученного результата.</li></ol> <p>Мы разделили каждый этап пустой строкой, что делает наши тесты более понятными.</p> <p>Запустим тест через <code>yarn test:unit</code>. Он должен пройти.</p> <p>Триггер достаточно простой: используем <code>find</code>, чтобы получить элемент, в котором будем симулировать ввод, затем вызываем <code>trigger</code> c названием события и модификатором.</p> <h2 id="реаnьный-пример"><a href="#реаnьный-пример" class="header-anchor">#</a> Реальный пример</h2> <p>Формы обычно отправляют к некоему endpoint. Давайте разберёмся, как тестировать компонент с разными реализациями <code>handleSubmit</code>. Обычной практикой является добавления алиаса <code>Vue.prototype.$http</code> для вашей HTTP-библиотеки. Это позволяет нам делать ajax-запросы просто вызывая <code>this.$http.get(...)</code>. Подробнее об этом можно почитать <a href="https://ru.vuejs.org/v2/cookbook/adding-instance-properties.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">тут<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></p> <p>Чаще всего http-библиотекой является <code>axios</code>, популярный HTTP клиент. В этом случае <code>handleSubmit</code> выглядел бы примерно так:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">handleSubmitAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;/api/v1/register&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>username <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token comment">// показываем собщение об успешной отправке</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token comment">// обрабатываем ошибки</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>В этом случае, одним из способов тестирования является <em>мок</em> для <code>this.$http</code>, чтобы создать желанную среду для тестирования. Подробнее об опциях <code>mocks</code> можно почитать <a href="https://vue-test-utils.vuejs.org/ru/api/options.html#mocks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>. Давайте посмотрим на мок <code>http.get</code> метода:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>

<span class="token keyword">const</span> mockHttp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function-variable function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      url <span class="token operator">=</span> _url
      data <span class="token operator">=</span> _data
      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Здесь есть несколько интересных вещей:</p> <ul><li>мы создаём переменные <code>url</code> и <code>data</code>, чтобы сохранить <code>url</code> и <code>data</code>, переданные в <code>$http.get</code>. Это позволяет убедиться в том, что запрос достигает своего endpoint c правильными данными.</li> <li>после присваивания <code>url</code> и <code>data</code> мы немедленно резолвим промис, тем самым, симулируем успешный ответ от API.</li></ul> <p>Перед тем, как посмотрим на тест, добавим новую функцию <code>handleSubmitAsync</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">handleSubmitAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;/api/v1/register&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>username <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>submitted <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Что-то пошло не так&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Также обновим <code>&lt;template&gt;</code>, используя новый метод <code>handleSubmitAsync</code></p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">@submit.prevent</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>handleSubmitAsync<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-model</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>username<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">data-username</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

  <span class="token comment">&lt;!-- ... --&gt;</span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь тестируем.</p> <h2 id="мокаем-ajax-вызов"><a href="#мокаем-ajax-вызов" class="header-anchor">#</a> Мокаем ajax вызов</h2> <p>Сначала, добавим наверху мок реализацию <code>this.$http</code>, прямо перед блоком <code>describe</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>

<span class="token keyword">const</span> mockHttp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function-variable function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      url <span class="token operator">=</span> _url
      data <span class="token operator">=</span> _data
      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь добавим тест, передавая мок <code>$http</code> в <code>mocks</code> при монтировании:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Показывает сообщение после отправки&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>FormSubmitter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    mocks<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      $http<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mockHttp
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;[data-username]&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Алиса&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;form&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">trigger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;submit.prevent&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Спасибо за ваше сообщение, Алиса.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь, вместо того, чтобы использовать реальную http-библиотеку, присвоенную в <code>Vue.prototype.$http</code>, будет взята наша мок реализация. Это хорошо тем, что мы можем контролировать окружение теста и получать одинаковый результат.</p> <p>Запустив <code>yarn test:unit</code>, наш тест не пройдёт проверку:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>FAIL  tests/unit/FormSubmitter.spec.js
  ● FormSubmitter › Показывает сообщение после отправки

    <span class="token punctuation">[</span>vue-test-utils<span class="token punctuation">]</span>: <span class="token function">find</span> did not <span class="token builtin class-name">return</span> .message, cannot call text<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> on empty Wrapper
</code></pre></div><p>Получилось так, что тест завершился <em>перед</em> тем, как вернулся промис от <code>mockHttp</code>. Мы можем сделать наш тест асинхронным следующим способом:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Показывает сообщение после отправки&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь нам нужно убедиться, что DOM обновлен и все промисы выполнены, прежде чем тест продолжится. <code>await wrapper.setValue (...)</code> здесь тоже не всегда надежен, потому что в этом случае мы не ждем, пока Vue обновит DOM, а ожидаем, что внешняя зависимость (в данном случае наш выдуманный HTTP-клиент) зарезолвится.</p> <p>Один из способов решения данной проблемы – это использование <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/flush-promises" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">flush-promises<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>, небольшого Node.js модуля, который немедленно резолвит все промисы в режиме ожидания (pending). Установите его с помощью <code>yarn add flush-promises</code> и обновите тест следующим образом (мы также добавляем <code>await wrapper.setValue (...)</code> для надёжности):</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> flushPromises <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;flush-promises&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">// ...</span>

<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Показывает сообщение после отправки&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>FormSubmitter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    mocks<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      $http<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mockHttp
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;[data-username]&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Алиса&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;form&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">trigger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;submit.prevent&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">flushPromises</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;.message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Спасибо за ваше сообщение, Алиса.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь тест проходит проверку. Исходный код <code>flush-promises</code> занимает около 10 строк, если вам интересен Node.js, то обязательно ознакомьтесь с тем, как это работает.</p> <p>Нам также нужно убедиться, что endpoint и переданные данные правильные. Добавим ещё две проверки в тест:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// ...</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;/api/v1/register&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Алиса&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Тест все ещё проходит проверки.</p> <h2 id="закnючение"><a href="#закnючение" class="header-anchor">#</a> Заключение</h2> <p>В этой секции мы научились, как:</p> <ul><li>использовать <code>trigger</code> для событий, даже если используются такие модификаторы, как <code>prevent</code></li> <li>использовать <code>setValue</code>, чтобы устанавливать значение для <code>&lt;input&gt;</code>, который используют <code>v-model</code></li> <li>использовать <code>await</code> в паре с <code>trigger</code> и <code>setValue</code> с <code>await Vue.nextTick</code>, чтобы убедиться, что DOM обновился</li> <li>писать тесты, придерживаясь трёх ступеней модульного тестирования</li> <li>мокать методы из <code>Vue.prototype</code>, используя <code>mocks</code> при монтировании</li> <li>использовать <code>flush-promises</code>, чтобы немедленно резолвить все промисы в режиме ожидания. Полезная техника в модульном тестировании</li></ul> <p>Исходный код для тестов на этой странице можно найти <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app/tests/unit/FormSubmitter.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/edit/master/ru/simulating-user-input.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Редактировать эту страницу на GitHub</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Последнее обновление:</span> <span class="time">15.09.2020, 02:44:15</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
      ←
      <a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/computed-properties.html" class="prev">Вычисляемые свойства</a></span> <span class="next"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ru/testing-emitted-events.html">Тестирование пользовательских событий</a>
      →
    </span></p></div> </main></div><div class="global-ui"></div></div>
    <script src="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/app.14051834.js" defer></script><script src="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/3.119a321e.js" defer></script><script src="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/2.94957ecd.js" defer></script><script src="/vue-testing-handbook/assets/js/64.5b9e17ef.js" defer></script>
  </body>
</html>
